With all the ups and downs in our lives and making our lives hell, COVID 19 has gifted OXFORD DICTIONARY some new words. You will find here some words resembling the old words and at the same time, you will notice some words never used before. After the meanings of the words, I have added here one quiz also so that you could learn the meanings of the words more properly.
Following are the words that have been added in the Oxford Dictionary-
QUARANTINI
– a cocktail typically drunk during the self-isolation
ex – Payal was advised to keep on
having QUARANTINI to recover
herself soon from this
killing disease.
COVIDIOT
– someone who ignores health
advice about COVID 19
ex- Arun never wears a mask
while leaving his home. He is
really a COVIDIOT.
ZUMP
– be dumped via zoom during
quarantine/ be careless while
having online classes.
ex- Most of the students used
ZUMP during online classes.
SPENDEMIC
– a tendency of doing over online
shopping during lockdown
ex. The virus of ‘being spendemic’
entered into our homes more fastly than the virus of COVID 19.
SOCIAL BUBBLES
-the practice of having a safe
distance in order to prevent to
spread of the disease
ex- Dear students, try to be
social bubbles in your classrooms
in order to prevent yourselves
from the attack of a new virus.
QUIZ : CHECK HOW MUCH YOU HAVE LEARNT
A cocktail typically drunk during the self-isolation
Correct!Wrong!
A tendency of doing over online shopping during lockdown
Correct!Wrong!
The practice of having a safe distance in order to prevent to spread the disease
Correct!Wrong!
Be dumped via zoom during quarantine/ be careless while having online classes.
Most of the students used to ZUMP during online classes.
Correct!Wrong!
Someone who ignores health advice about COVID 19
Correct!Wrong!
COVID INSPIRED WORDS
YOUR SCORE
Share your Results:
Which word/words did you like the most,please mention in the comment box below-
Reported Speech is a formation of a sentence that we tell to someone, i.e.to the second person.
Thus based on a conversation, the words of the speaker can be formed in two ways:-
DIRECT
INDIRECT
LEARN WITH VIDEO
Thus two kinds of speeches came into existence
Direct Speech:
The teacher said to the monitor, “ I will be on a leave tomorrow. So collect the notebooks from all the students today only for correction.”
(When the speaker is directly saying something to the listener or when we are repeating the words of the speaker to the third person, is called Direct Speech.)
Indirect Speech:
The teacher told the monitor that she would be on a leave the next day and ordered her to collect all the notebooks from the students that day only.
( Thus when the listener is repeating the words of the speaker to the third person in roundabout a manner ,is called Indirect Speech. )
Parts of Direct Speech:-
Now comes the formation of a Direct Speech-
There are two parts of a Direct Speech: –
Reporting Verb
Reported Speech
Ankit said to Ankita , “ Ridhima reads very well.”
(Reporting Verb)(Reported Speech )
The part or clause that comes outside of the inverted commas ,is called Reporting Verb. The part that is locked inside the inverted commas, is called Reported Speech.
*Remember
The position of the Reporting verb & Reported Speech can be anywhere in the sentence :-
eg. Ankit said to Ankita , “ Ridhima is a very nice girl.”
“Ridhima” said Ankit to Ankita, “ is a very nice girl.”
“ Ridhima is a very nice girl.” Ankit said to Ankita .
All the lines in green are Reporting verbs. That makes clear that it is not mandatory to have a reporting verb at the beginning of the sentence. Its position can be shifted according to the style of writing.
How to recognize a Direct and an Indirect Sentence :-
How to Recognize a Direct Speech:-
The reported sentence is locked in the inverted commas.
Antima said , “Do you know Anuj?”
After Reporting Verb, we put a comma.
Antima said , “Do you know Anuj?”
The first letter of reported speech that is locked inside the inverted commas ,is written in capital letters.
Antima said , “Do you know Anuj?”
How to Recognize an Indirect Speech:-
The reported sentence is unlocked from the inverted commas.
Ritika said that she was her best friend.
Commas are replaced with the conjunctions i.e. ( that/if /whether )according to the expression of the sentences.
Ritika said that she was her best friend.
Common Rules of changing a Direct Speech into Indirect Speech:-
Inverted commas are removed in Reported speech
Commas are replaced with conjunctions i.e. ( that/if /whether ) as per the expression of the sentences.
Never change the Tense of a Reporting Verb. Only the Tense of Reported Speech is changed if Reported Verb is Past Tense.
eg.
Direct : Namita says to Nisha , “Mishti likes to play chess”
Indirect: Namita tells Nisha that Mishti likes to play chess. •
Direct: Danish said to Salman , “ I Visited Delhi last Monday”
Indirect : Danish told Salman that he had visited Delhi the previous Monday.
General rules of changing a Direct Speech into Indirect Speech:-
I. Common Changes – applied in the complete Indirect Speech
II . Expression Changes – varies according to the different expressions
i.e. Kinds of sentences
They are again sub divided in the following parts-
I . Common Changes – applied in the complete Indirect Speech
a.Change of Tense
b. Change of Pronoun
c. Change of Time and place •
Read and understand the following sentences and the chart before going further in the detailed study of Change of Tense , Pronoun or Time and Space-
How to change Say / said of Reporting Verb according to different kinds
of sentences :-
Sentence
Reporting Verb
Reported Speech
Connector
Assertive
Say Says Say to Says to Said Said to Told
say says tell tells said to told ( reports / reported)
that
Interrogative
Say /Says / Say to/ Says to / Said/Said to Told
asked/ enquired of
If / whether
Imperative
Request Order Advice
requested ordered /commanded advised
Connector {to}
Proposal
Making proposal
proposed to / suggested to
Exclamatory
Sorrow Happiness Surprise
Exclaimed with sorrow Exclaimed with joy/happiness Exclaimed with surprise
that
Optative
Wish Curse
wished/blessed cursed
that (In some cases without connectors)
HOW TO CHANGE SAY /SAID
Examples:
Direct
Ankita says, ” Harsh is my brother.
Shikha says to Nisha, ” Ridhima studies with me. “
Akhil said , “ I can not come to meet you here tomorrow.”
Namita said to me , ” Anubhav has been working hard since last night.”
Nitin said me , ” Will you also go to Goa?”
Rishika said to me , ” Do you have my book?”
Dinesh said to Mayank, ” Return me my bike.”
Simran said to me , ” Please, help me in completing my project.”
Siya said me , ” Have a deep sleep for 6 hours a day.
Babita said to me,” Let’s play tennis.”
Akriti said to Divyani , ” Let’s participate in the quiz. “
Gargi said, “Hurrah ! I have won a trophy.”
Shivani said to me ,” Alas! I have met with an accident.”
Aditi said , ” What a beautiful flower it is !”
Garvit said, “May God bless you !”
Vikram said to his friends , ” May you go to hell !”
Indirect
Ankita tells that Harsh is her brother.
Akhil told Nitesh that he could not go to meet him there the next day.
Shikha tells Nisha that Ridhima studies with her.
Akhil said that he could not meet him there the previous day.
Namita told me that Anubhav had been working hard since last night.
Nitin asked me if I would also go to Goa.
Rishika enquired of me if I had her book.
Dinesh ordered Mayank to return his bike.
Simran requested me to help her in competing her project.
Siya adviced me to have a deep sleep for 6 hours a day.
Babita proposed to me that we should play tennis.
Akriti suggested to Divyani that we must participate in the quiz.
Gargi exclaimed with joy that she had won a trophy.
Shivani exclaimed me with sorrow that she had met with an accident.
Aditi exclaimed with surprise that it was a beautiful flower.
Garvit wished that God might bless me.
Vikram cursed his friend that he might go to hell.
I’m Meena Bilandani, M.A. (English)+Bachelor of Education, pursuing my passion of teaching for more than 15 years. I spend most of my time with my students and with my never-ending learning over here world’s most
spiritual land INDIA..
MEENA KUMARI
Let’s begin a new journey!
Grammar learning is not an easy task. It is a tough row to hoe. A lot of practice with constant learning then assimilating within is really a constant journey in itself that needs immense patience to carry on. Speaking and writing any language within a proper framing in a restricted structure, is really an art.
“ Grammar in spoken English is not needed ”, is only a prevalent myth. Yes, for beginners just to encourage them we say not to stick with a heavy set of burden and keep on speaking, especially when the speaker belongs to a regional medium or residing completely in a native environment. But they need not learn grammar, is completely be fooling themselves.
It is exactly like shooting an arrow without a bow. Yes, you can hit an arrow perfectly sometimes, but for a perfect pace ,you need a bow. Yes, of course, if you are growing up under a completely English environment or studying in a school where the native language is strictly restricted to speak,. They learn naturally the things and subconsciously, they use to speak a sentence in a correct framing naturally as they have been provided an environment under which they understand grammatically the sentence is correct .
With my own experience of teaching almost all kinds of board students, I have found, students from completely native background, most of the times pass through the verb mistakes which leave often very awkward situation if they have not studied tenses properly. While students of completely English Medium background pass through part of speech errors which can be actually, not always but often negligible.
So, speaking English in an incorrect framing of tense leaves more awkward situation than misuses of other parts of speeches.
Yes, students from English Medium often argue that they have learned English without learning Tenses, they are actually true but they are unaware of the fact that they have learnt tenses automatically with a practical environment still they are not much confident with their grammar which may lead them in problem in future competitive examinations. And students from native background sometimes try to give examples of such students without understanding the fact that they have got a practical environment.
So as far as I could understand with my own lifelong experience, they can learn English at the first step with the translation method only, then gradually they can acquire constant understanding by continuous writing and having a practical approach. So native speakers, please don’t leave excuses, for learning English there is no need of learning Tense.
Yes, at the beginning level, you must not hesitate, you must try to speak but that doesn’t mean you need not learn and understand grammar. If you are learning grammar with learning Spoken English, it’s all like honey on your sugar cube. You must go parallel if you wish to enhance your writing skill also. But all four skills , whether it’s reading or writing,speaking or listening , everything is needed for comprehending any language.
So for such kinds of learners . ultimately, I am presenting here my Grammar lessons with videos and notes accompanied with exercises. I am presenting here my life long learning of Grammar which could be very helpful for my students in learning the English Language not only in enhancing speaking skills but writing skills as well.
Hope you’ll like all the lessons prepared by me by my hard efforts, and try to leave your precious suggestions.
1.When we wish to focus the attention of the listener on a particular thing /person
These documents were
signed by Mr. Sinha.
(Focus on documents)
In this sentence we can notice someone was more interested to know which documents were signed rather than who signed the documents.
Now read the following sentence-
Mr Sinha signed thesedocuments.
( Focus on the Person)
Here who signed the documents ,was more important for seomonw to know than what was signed. So the sentence had been framed in an Active Voice.
2. In order to put the new information at the end of the sentence –
( to surprise / to grab the attention of the listener/reader)
In normal cases , Passsive Voice is used to highlight the importance of the subject but in some cases just to give a surprise or jolt to the readers, we may use Passive Voice.
The new manager of our comapny has been elected none but my daughter, Shruti.
Most of the poems in your syllabus have been culled from American Poetry.
3. In order to put the new information at the end of the sentence to turn the style of writing from boresome to interesting on.
Most of the poems in your
course have been taken from
American Poetry.
Two poems have been taken especially from Robert Frost’s Poetry,
one of the most famous poets of America.
4. When ‘who’ or ‘what’ causes the
action is –
Unknown or unimportant
My purse has been snatched.
(Agent- Thief- unknown)
2. This dam was built last year.
(Agent- labourers- unimportant)
Obvious or ‘people in general known’
The thief was arrested.
( Agent – Police)
2. The form was registered online.
(Agent- Staff- people in general)
Natural phenomenon
All the trees were found fallen down on the roads.
My coffee has been cold.
She was drowned in the river.
4. In factual writing when sentences are very long:-
Before understanding the rules of changing an Imperative statement in a Passive Voice ,
let us understand kinds of an Imperartive Statement:-
★ There are three kinds of imperative sentences-
1. Command 2. Advice 3. Request
A sentence of command or order is framed in three different ways-
1. Command with object –
V1 + object / Don’t + object
# Command with object (Affirmative ) Ex.—- Close the window. Open the door.
( Negative )
Ex. —- Don’t waste your time. Don’t disturb anybody.
2. Command without object – V1 / Don’t
Afirmative
1. Be calm 2. Sit down
Negative
Don’t be late.
Don’t sit here.
3. # Command beginning with
‘ LET ’
Ex.—- Let him go alone. Let her complete her
project by herself. Neg.— Don’t let him in.
HOW TO CHANGE
Now let us understand how to change all these Imperative statements in different ways. Remember, all the Imperative statements are changed in different ways. So, kindly pay heed to each point.
First let us understand how to change a Command:-
Commands with objects
A command with object can be changed into two ways:-
TYPE 1
ACTIVE
V1/ +OBJECT
Shut all the doors.
It can be changed into two ways:-
PASSIVE
LET+ SUBJECT+(RECEIVER) BE +V3
Let all the door be shut.
TYPE 2
Subject(receiver)+must be/should be + V3
My gifts must not be unwrapped.
Don’t unwrap my gifts.
Commands without the objects
Active
(V1+no object)
Sit down .
Passive
You are ordered +to + V1
You are ordered to sit down.
Negative
Don’t+v1+no object
Don’t run fast.
You are ordered not to sit down.
Commands already staring with ‘LET’ ( Causative Form )
Let+ objective case+ V1
Let+ object + V1
Let him go.
Let+objective case+be+V3
Let him be gone.
If object is a Noun-
Let him do his homework
Let+ Object+be_V3
Let his homework be done.
REQUEST
Active (Affirmative )
Active
Please ,pass that salt cellar.
Passive
You are requested+ to +V1
You are requested to pass that salt cellar.
Active ( Negative )
Kindly, don’t spoil your energy
over such trifle things.
You are requested not to spoil you energy over such triffle things
DONTS IN PASSIVE VOICE II WHERE NOT TO USE PASSIVE VOICE
While learning the framing and uses of Passive voice, we must always be aware with the places where we must never use Passive Voice Statements.
Sentences having Intransitive Verbs
are never changed.
As we know In a Passive Voice a Subject is always converted into an Object and an Object is always converted into a Subject. So In Intransitive verb we always have a subject so it can easily be converted in a Passive Voice.
Example :-
Transitive Verb
He speaks the truth.
The truth is spoken by him.
But because an Intransitive Verb never has an Object ,
it is never converted into the Passive Voice.
Example:-
Intransitive Verb
He goes to school daily.
She often comes to my party.
Following are some of the Intransitive Verbs
with which are never used in Passive Voice
Go
Come
Drown
Dwell
Live
Remember such kinds of statments are never Passive Voices.
He is come.
She is gone.
He is arrived.
She is drowned.
You may observe such kinds of statmens sometimes. But remember ,they are not in Passive Voice , they are actually Perfect sentences often used in oldenEnglish. Even today at some places ,especially in informal English ,you may see such kinds of uses.
They actually mean:-
He is come. – He has come
She is gone.- She has come
He is arrived.- He has arrived
She is drowned.- She has drowned
With ‘Gerundial’ & ‘Infinitive’ phrase
The following sentences are already in Passive Form
The vase is blooming with the poems of the following students from Grade X-
VanshIka Jain
Arpit Jaiswal
Shruti Kumari
Sujal Mishra
Rishika
Manas
Sanskriti Soni
Jahnvi Kumari
Khushi Kumari
KEEP SCROLLING DOWN
POEMS ON NATURE
I AM VERY EXCITED TO SHARE THE POEMS OF MY STUDENTS. STUDENTS- THE YOUNG FRESH BUDS BEAR MORE SENSITIVE MINDS THAN THE ELDER ONES. THEY ARE MADE AS WE MOULD THEM. THEY ARE ALWAYS CREATIVE, INNOVATIVE AND RECEPTIVE TO THE CHALLENGES. THEY CAN SEARCH OUT POSSIBILITIES IN IMPOSSIBILITIES MORE SMARTLY THAN THE ELDERS. SO WE MUST ALWAYS KEEP ON ENCOURAGING THEM AND INDULGING THEM IN THE HEALTHY COMPETITIONS SO THAT THEY MIGHT KEEP OF SEARCHING OUT AND IDENTIFYING THEIR INNATE CAPABILITIES THAT MAY HELP THEM IN A LONG RUN.
SO I AM PRESENTING HERE SOME OF THE SWEET SHORT POEMS OF MY STUDENTS – ON NATURE THAT THEY HAVE COMPOSED – WITH THEIR OWN PERCEPTIONS. NATURE HAS ALWAYS FASCINATED THE PEOPLE FROM EACH WALK OF LIFE TO EACH AGE GROUP. BUT WHEN IT COMES TO THE YOUNG MINDS. THEY FIND ALWAYS A NEW WORLD OPENED FOR THEM. THEIR OUTLOOK TOWARDS NATURE IS ALWAYS DIFFERENT. ELDERS WISH TO SEEK RELIEF IN THE MIDST OF NATURE WHILE JUST CONTRARY TO IT YOUNG MINDS ALWAYS NOT ONLY TRY TO LEARN FROM NATURE BUT ALSO CARE OF NATURE AND ALWAYS TRY TO SAVE IT. AND ALL THIS CAN CLEARLY IS VISIBLE THROGHT THESE POEMS.
SO LET’S ENJOY SWEET SIMPLE POEMS OF BLOOMIMG BUDS ON ‘NATURE’
