With all the ups and downs in our lives and making our lives hell, COVID 19 has gifted OXFORD DICTIONARY some new words. You will find here some words resembling the old words and at the same time, you will notice some words never used before. After the meanings of the words, I have added here one quiz also so that you could learn the meanings of the words more properly.
Following are the words that have been added in the Oxford Dictionary-
QUARANTINI
– a cocktail typically drunk during the self-isolation
ex – Payal was advised to keep on
having QUARANTINI to recover
herself soon from this
killing disease.
COVIDIOT
– someone who ignores health
advice about COVID 19
ex- Arun never wears a mask
while leaving his home. He is
really a COVIDIOT.
ZUMP
– be dumped via zoom during
quarantine/ be careless while
having online classes.
ex- Most of the students used
ZUMP during online classes.
SPENDEMIC
– a tendency of doing over online
shopping during lockdown
ex. The virus of ‘being spendemic’
entered into our homes more fastly than the virus of COVID 19.
SOCIAL BUBBLES
-the practice of having a safe
distance in order to prevent to
spread of the disease
ex- Dear students, try to be
social bubbles in your classrooms
in order to prevent yourselves
from the attack of a new virus.
QUIZ : CHECK HOW MUCH YOU HAVE LEARNT
A cocktail typically drunk during the self-isolation
Correct!Wrong!
A tendency of doing over online shopping during lockdown
Correct!Wrong!
The practice of having a safe distance in order to prevent to spread the disease
Correct!Wrong!
Be dumped via zoom during quarantine/ be careless while having online classes.
Most of the students used to ZUMP during online classes.
Correct!Wrong!
Someone who ignores health advice about COVID 19
Correct!Wrong!
COVID INSPIRED WORDS
YOUR SCORE
Share your Results:
Which word/words did you like the most,please mention in the comment box below-
Reported Speech is a formation of a sentence that we tell to someone, i.e.to the second person.
Thus based on a conversation, the words of the speaker can be formed in two ways:-
DIRECT
INDIRECT
LEARN WITH VIDEO
Thus two kinds of speeches came into existence
Direct Speech:
The teacher said to the monitor, “ I will be on a leave tomorrow. So collect the notebooks from all the students today only for correction.”
(When the speaker is directly saying something to the listener or when we are repeating the words of the speaker to the third person, is called Direct Speech.)
Indirect Speech:
The teacher told the monitor that she would be on a leave the next day and ordered her to collect all the notebooks from the students that day only.
( Thus when the listener is repeating the words of the speaker to the third person in roundabout a manner ,is called Indirect Speech. )
Parts of Direct Speech:-
Now comes the formation of a Direct Speech-
There are two parts of a Direct Speech: –
Reporting Verb
Reported Speech
Ankit said to Ankita , “ Ridhima reads very well.”
(Reporting Verb)(Reported Speech )
The part or clause that comes outside of the inverted commas ,is called Reporting Verb. The part that is locked inside the inverted commas, is called Reported Speech.
*Remember
The position of the Reporting verb & Reported Speech can be anywhere in the sentence :-
eg. Ankit said to Ankita , “ Ridhima is a very nice girl.”
“Ridhima” said Ankit to Ankita, “ is a very nice girl.”
“ Ridhima is a very nice girl.” Ankit said to Ankita .
All the lines in green are Reporting verbs. That makes clear that it is not mandatory to have a reporting verb at the beginning of the sentence. Its position can be shifted according to the style of writing.
How to recognize a Direct and an Indirect Sentence :-
How to Recognize a Direct Speech:-
The reported sentence is locked in the inverted commas.
Antima said , “Do you know Anuj?”
After Reporting Verb, we put a comma.
Antima said , “Do you know Anuj?”
The first letter of reported speech that is locked inside the inverted commas ,is written in capital letters.
Antima said , “Do you know Anuj?”
How to Recognize an Indirect Speech:-
The reported sentence is unlocked from the inverted commas.
Ritika said that she was her best friend.
Commas are replaced with the conjunctions i.e. ( that/if /whether )according to the expression of the sentences.
Ritika said that she was her best friend.
Common Rules of changing a Direct Speech into Indirect Speech:-
Inverted commas are removed in Reported speech
Commas are replaced with conjunctions i.e. ( that/if /whether ) as per the expression of the sentences.
Never change the Tense of a Reporting Verb. Only the Tense of Reported Speech is changed if Reported Verb is Past Tense.
eg.
Direct : Namita says to Nisha , “Mishti likes to play chess”
Indirect: Namita tells Nisha that Mishti likes to play chess. •
Direct: Danish said to Salman , “ I Visited Delhi last Monday”
Indirect : Danish told Salman that he had visited Delhi the previous Monday.
General rules of changing a Direct Speech into Indirect Speech:-
I. Common Changes – applied in the complete Indirect Speech
II . Expression Changes – varies according to the different expressions
i.e. Kinds of sentences
They are again sub divided in the following parts-
I . Common Changes – applied in the complete Indirect Speech
a.Change of Tense
b. Change of Pronoun
c. Change of Time and place •
Read and understand the following sentences and the chart before going further in the detailed study of Change of Tense , Pronoun or Time and Space-
How to change Say / said of Reporting Verb according to different kinds
of sentences :-
Sentence
Reporting Verb
Reported Speech
Connector
Assertive
Say Says Say to Says to Said Said to Told
say says tell tells said to told ( reports / reported)
that
Interrogative
Say /Says / Say to/ Says to / Said/Said to Told
asked/ enquired of
If / whether
Imperative
Request Order Advice
requested ordered /commanded advised
Connector {to}
Proposal
Making proposal
proposed to / suggested to
Exclamatory
Sorrow Happiness Surprise
Exclaimed with sorrow Exclaimed with joy/happiness Exclaimed with surprise
that
Optative
Wish Curse
wished/blessed cursed
that (In some cases without connectors)
HOW TO CHANGE SAY /SAID
Examples:
Direct
Ankita says, ” Harsh is my brother.
Shikha says to Nisha, ” Ridhima studies with me. “
Akhil said , “ I can not come to meet you here tomorrow.”
Namita said to me , ” Anubhav has been working hard since last night.”
Nitin said me , ” Will you also go to Goa?”
Rishika said to me , ” Do you have my book?”
Dinesh said to Mayank, ” Return me my bike.”
Simran said to me , ” Please, help me in completing my project.”
Siya said me , ” Have a deep sleep for 6 hours a day.
Babita said to me,” Let’s play tennis.”
Akriti said to Divyani , ” Let’s participate in the quiz. “
Gargi said, “Hurrah ! I have won a trophy.”
Shivani said to me ,” Alas! I have met with an accident.”
Aditi said , ” What a beautiful flower it is !”
Garvit said, “May God bless you !”
Vikram said to his friends , ” May you go to hell !”
Indirect
Ankita tells that Harsh is her brother.
Akhil told Nitesh that he could not go to meet him there the next day.
Shikha tells Nisha that Ridhima studies with her.
Akhil said that he could not meet him there the previous day.
Namita told me that Anubhav had been working hard since last night.
Nitin asked me if I would also go to Goa.
Rishika enquired of me if I had her book.
Dinesh ordered Mayank to return his bike.
Simran requested me to help her in competing her project.
Siya adviced me to have a deep sleep for 6 hours a day.
Babita proposed to me that we should play tennis.
Akriti suggested to Divyani that we must participate in the quiz.
Gargi exclaimed with joy that she had won a trophy.
Shivani exclaimed me with sorrow that she had met with an accident.
Aditi exclaimed with surprise that it was a beautiful flower.
Garvit wished that God might bless me.
Vikram cursed his friend that he might go to hell.
I’m Meena Bilandani, M.A. (English)+Bachelor of Education, pursuing my passion of teaching for more than 15 years. I spend most of my time with my students and with my never-ending learning over here world’s most
spiritual land INDIA..
MEENA KUMARI
Let’s begin a new journey!
Grammar learning is not an easy task. It is a tough row to hoe. A lot of practice with constant learning then assimilating within is really a constant journey in itself that needs immense patience to carry on. Speaking and writing any language within a proper framing in a restricted structure, is really an art.
“ Grammar in spoken English is not needed ”, is only a prevalent myth. Yes, for beginners just to encourage them we say not to stick with a heavy set of burden and keep on speaking, especially when the speaker belongs to a regional medium or residing completely in a native environment. But they need not learn grammar, is completely be fooling themselves.
It is exactly like shooting an arrow without a bow. Yes, you can hit an arrow perfectly sometimes, but for a perfect pace ,you need a bow. Yes, of course, if you are growing up under a completely English environment or studying in a school where the native language is strictly restricted to speak,. They learn naturally the things and subconsciously, they use to speak a sentence in a correct framing naturally as they have been provided an environment under which they understand grammatically the sentence is correct .
With my own experience of teaching almost all kinds of board students, I have found, students from completely native background, most of the times pass through the verb mistakes which leave often very awkward situation if they have not studied tenses properly. While students of completely English Medium background pass through part of speech errors which can be actually, not always but often negligible.
So, speaking English in an incorrect framing of tense leaves more awkward situation than misuses of other parts of speeches.
Yes, students from English Medium often argue that they have learned English without learning Tenses, they are actually true but they are unaware of the fact that they have learnt tenses automatically with a practical environment still they are not much confident with their grammar which may lead them in problem in future competitive examinations. And students from native background sometimes try to give examples of such students without understanding the fact that they have got a practical environment.
So as far as I could understand with my own lifelong experience, they can learn English at the first step with the translation method only, then gradually they can acquire constant understanding by continuous writing and having a practical approach. So native speakers, please don’t leave excuses, for learning English there is no need of learning Tense.
Yes, at the beginning level, you must not hesitate, you must try to speak but that doesn’t mean you need not learn and understand grammar. If you are learning grammar with learning Spoken English, it’s all like honey on your sugar cube. You must go parallel if you wish to enhance your writing skill also. But all four skills , whether it’s reading or writing,speaking or listening , everything is needed for comprehending any language.
So for such kinds of learners . ultimately, I am presenting here my Grammar lessons with videos and notes accompanied with exercises. I am presenting here my life long learning of Grammar which could be very helpful for my students in learning the English Language not only in enhancing speaking skills but writing skills as well.
Hope you’ll like all the lessons prepared by me by my hard efforts, and try to leave your precious suggestions.
Starting 1st day passage must be completed witin 20 min
From day 2 to day 7 the time limit will be set for 15 min only
And finally from day 8 to day 10 time limit will be set only for 10 min
Welcome for positive reviews and Suggegestions
ALL THE BEST
Brain drain means fleeing of talents especially in the field of science and technology from their native land to other countries. This problem is not peculiar to India, even highly advanced countries like Britain and Russia have been losing their scientists to the U.S.A. But for India, it is one-way traffic. We lose scientists in the process get impoverished. Thus, it is a very serious problem in India.
2. It is said that some of the most brilliant people are unable to get suitable jobs in India. In such circumstances, they migrate to other countries in search of better prospects or material comfort. If the government of own country might provide them all the facilities with all the financial support, they won’t ever move to other countries. Because these brains need continuous nourishment, replenishment and advancement.
3. The brain drain leaves an adverse effect on the national economy. Their services can be utilized for the development of the country. But sometimes in a developing country, their talents cannot be put to proper use due to one reason or the other. It is difficult for such a country to provide sufficient funds for research work where there are still basic needs to be fulfilled and a lot of poor people lack basic food meals.
4. Therefore, it becomes the moral duty of these brains to be patriotic. They should do their best for their motherland even in the most adverse circumstances. They should realise the importance of their motherland, that it is the only place where they can reach a maximum height of glory with the immense love of their own people and recognition and also patronage.
5. At present, the country is not in a position to offer them better amenities and to utilize their services. But tomorrow this will not be the case. In an economically and industrially advanced country, new brains will crop up who may not like to desert their motherland as they can only get true satisfaction and love in the country itself that every individual searches for. (by Vilayanti Ram)
Starting 1st day passage must be completed witin 20 min
From day 2 to day 7 the time limit will be set for 15 min only
And finally from day 8 to day 10 time limit will be set only for 10 min
Welcome for positive reviews and Suggegestions
ALL THE BEST
1. If there were only one aspect of language that students could study (or that educators could teach), it would invariably be reading comprehension. Beloved reading comprehension, a friend to nearly every teacher of language. But what makes it so special? Why is it so revered by both students and teachers alike? To answer these questions, it helps to know just what reading comprehension is. Reading comprehension is defined as the level of understanding of a text. This understanding comes from the interaction between the words that are written and how they trigger knowledge outside the text.
2. Humans are thought to have a set reserve, an established threshold for attention and absorption of information commonly referred to as processing capacity. This being the case, it is generally believed that proficient reading depends on the ability to recognize words quickly and effortlessly. If word recognition is difficult, students use too much of their processing capacity to read individual words, which interferes with their ability to comprehend what is read. Many educators in the United States believe that students need to learn to analyze text (comprehend it) even before they can read it on their own, and comprehension instruction generally begins in pre-Kindergarten or Kindergarten.
3. But other US educators consider this reading approach to be completely backward for very young children, arguing that the children must learn how to decode the words in a story through phonics before they can analyze the story itself. The reason why reading comprehension is such an effective learning tool is that, like art, it teaches students to manipulate particulars in an attempt to represent the universal. When a student reads a text, he or she is forced to absorb a lot of particular facts concerning an infinitude of seemingly random subjects (volcanoes, molecules, skateboarding, etc.) and assimilate them into the bigger picture, establishing just how they fit in or relate, to the broader world. Mathematics, the diametrical opposite of art, challenges students in an inverse way; it teaches them to manipulate universals in order to represent the particular. No matter what the number “3” may come to stand for – volcanoes or molecules or skateboards – the student will be able to manipulate these things given his or her understanding of math.
4. Based on this understanding, one might actually say that reading comprehension shares a unique association with art and math, each providing a way of understanding the world from a fundamental, yet polar, perspective.
Starting 1st day passage must be completed witin 20 min
From day 2 to day 7 the time limit will be set for 15 min only
And finally from day 8 to day 10 time limit will be set only for 10 min
Welcome for positive reviews and Suggegestions
ALL THE BEST
Of the few joys and bounties that the Indian summer has to offer, mangoes must surely rate as the best. Cultivated for over 4,000 years in many parts of India, the fruit was, as the legend goes, a divine gift from Lord Shiva to his consort, Parvati. The Atharva Veda recommends it because of its many health-giving properties. Even Charak describes it as a fruit that provides sustenance to the various dhatus (elements) – blood, flesh, fat, food, juices, bone marrow and semen present in the human body. Interestingly, mangoes have a considerable amount of food value, irrespective of whether you eat them when they are green and young or ripe and sweet.
The unripe mango, better known as ambi in the plains of the North, is rich in starch. It owes its tangy flavour to the presence of malic, succinic, citric and oxalic acids. It is rich in Vitamin C, and also contains Vitamins B1, B2, and B6 which vary in concentration, depending on the stage of its maturity and the variety of the fruit. The fruit not only satiates the taste buds, but the ras and panna also boost us nutritionally.
The ripe mango is even more wholesome and nourishing than the green one. It is rich in glucose, sucrose and maltose sugars formed from the converted starch of the ambi. A fully ripe mango weighing 400 GM’s provides the body with over 250 calories. It is a rich source of Vitamin A, which is vital for the eyes and the inner linings of the body passage, and contains a fare amount of Vitamin C and Vitamin B1, B2, and B6 which play a crucial role in body metabolism. In addition, it is rich in minerals, calcium, phosphorus and iron.
It is myth that mangoes are rich in cholesterol. Actually, none of the food of plant origin carry any cholesterol in them; only food of animal origin do. Yet, it is always good to remember that even if you are a vegetarian, your cholesterol levels, particularly the triglycerides, can increase if you succumb to dietary excesses and take more calories than your body needs. All that is in excess gets converted to unhealthy fat.
My grandmother used to say that if you eat too many mangoes, your skin would erupt with boils. To be honest, mango hardly deserves the blame. It is just a coincidence that the mango season falls at the time when skin infections are rather common. Blame the hot and humid environmental conditions for your woes, not mangoes.
Mangoes can be savoured by all exceptt the diabetic and the pot-bellied. Too much of this fruit can lead to sudden increase in blood sugar in diabetic, and is, therefore, best avoided. Similarly, its high calorie content makes it a restrictive food for those who are overweight.
Solving a Comprehension Passage within a set time limit is really not that easy task. Consistent practice is the only solution. And for consistent practice without distracting the focus really ask for great willpower. So I have prepared some of the comprehension sheets with the set time limit so that learners might focus and continue the practice for continuous 10 days so that they might acquire their speed and be habitual of learning.
The one who wishes to practice, kindly start with DAY 1 and be consistent in practising at least for 10 Days. Otherwise, there is no use in attempting for it.
Welcome for sharing more ideas so that this question might help the students to acquire good marks.
Starting 1st day passage must be completed witin 20 min
From day 2 to day 7 the time limit will be set for 15 min only
And finally from day 8 to day 10 time limit will be set only for 10 min
Welcome for positive reviews and Suggegestions
ALL THE BEST
As the Indian Middle class is getting more affluent, the number of celebration parties is growing and so is the guest list. We have functions for birth celebration, first birthday celebration, engagements, marriages, promotions, sixtieth birthdays, marriages jubilees and even retirements policy. Lot of people get invited to each of these.
2. Just inviting people to such a celebration is not a problem. Because if a person eats at one place, he/she would save food he/she would have eaten somewhere else. The problem is, there is no RSVP (which is a French abbreviation that stands for ‘Reply, if you please’) culture in India. We send invites, but we don’t ask people whether they are planning to attend or not. The host does not get any feedback and has a vague idea of how many people will show up. Certainly, if more people showed up unexpectedly and had no food to eat, it would be embarrassing. So they just end up making enough for a large number of people. This results in wastage of food, cooking gas and manpower. And because electricity is costly and food storage equipment is not easily available, a huge amount of food goes to waste.
3. Our best of best software engineers are writing software to run banks in US and Europe. Can’t we launch a website that makes it possible for people to reply to invites using an easy, online or mobile-based application? Yes, we need this one change in our culture- replying to invites and confirming whether we can make it to the celebration or not. Best of the best MBAs are launching marketing campaigns world wide to increase market share of consumer products world wide. Can’t we launch a culture change campaign?
4. We make choices and every choice has consequences. Sadly when faced with the consequences of our choices, we externalize the blame. We find someone else to fault. We imagine only that evil outside somewhere is fixed, we the pious people would continue living our pristine and perfect lives.
