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Chapter 3 USE TO TO BE ( IS ARE AM )

With the study point of view, I have categorized this part in 5 sections –

I. Simple Present Tense ( without the use of main verb)

Use of ‘to be’ in present
Use of ‘have’

II. Use of Dummy Subject

a .There

b. It

III. Main Indefinite form of the verb.

I. Simple Present Tense ( without the use of main verb)

Use of ‘to be’ in present

( In Simple Present ‘to be’ means – is/are/am-

Use of is, are, and am shows the present state/condition of our subject.

Example- This is a chair.

The weather is fine.

He is a doctor.

(to be) is, are, am.

How to use is, are, am in a sentence,

Singular- Is

Plural- Are

First person- (I) – Am

Structure of Affirmative Sentence-

Subject+ is, are, am+ complement

Example- Ravita is a lawyer

You are Happy.

I am a teacher.

Structure of Negative Sentence-

Subject+ is, are, am + not + complement

Example- Shivangi is not happy today.

You are not a thief.

I am not your friend.

Structure of Interrogative Sentences-

Type-1

Is, are am, + subject+ complement

Example- Are you sad?

Are they players?

Type-2

Structure of Interrogative Sentence-

W family word + is, are, am+ subject+ complement

Example- Why are you sad?

Type 3

How/much/how many/ Whose/which+ Related Noun+ is/are/am _ Subject +Complement

Example- Whose bag is

this on the chair?

How many girls

are there in the kitchen ?

Which book is yours ?

Interrogative Negative

The structures of all kinds of Interrogative is almost same .

We only need to add NOT after the Subject

…….. is/are/am+ subject + not —–

Example- Is Rajeev not a monitor?

Why are you not happy?

Whose watch is not this ?

KINDS OF AUXILIARY VERB: Tense Chapter 2:

KINDS OF AUXILIARY VERBS

There are 2 kinds of Auxiliary Verbs

Primary Auxiliary Verb

2. Modal Auxiliary Verb

There are 3 type of Primary Auxiliary Verb.

1.Be,

2. Have

3. Do

1. Be- Is, Are, Am, Was, Were, Been Being.

2. Has- Has, Have, Had, Will have, Shall have.

3. Do- Do, Does, Did,

Remember

Main verb is never affected by modal auxiliary verb.

Example- He can do his work by himself.

He could do his work by himself.

He must do his work by himself.

While Root verb is always affected by its Primary Auxiliary Verbs.

Check How Much You Have Learnt

Correct! Wrong!

7. Past of ‘ have ‘

has

had

John Berryman

Robert Kelien

G.L. Fuentes

Correct! Wrong!

CHAPTERS & AUTHORS' NAME CLASS X-

RESULT

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QUIZ: THE TRIUMPH OF SURGERY

Answer quiz 1 within 30 seconds /question

QUIZ 1 -IDIOM PHRASES AND VOCABULARY OF THE CHAPTER

START QUIZ

QUIZ 2 – PARAGRAPH BASED QUESTIONS

Read the paragraph carefully and answer the questions follow:-

“Oh, I did for a bit, but he seemed to be so weak I had to relent. He
does love cream cakes and chocolates so. I can’t bear to refuse him.”
I looked down again at the little dog. That was the trouble. Tricki’s
only fault was greed. He had never been known to refuse food; he
would tackle a meal at any hour of the day or night. And I wondered
about all the things Mrs Pumphrey hadn’t mentioned.

1. Who speaks the first line?........................... (a) Mrs. Pumphrey (b) Doctor

(a) Mrs. Pumphrey (b) Doctor

Click to Flip

Mrs. Pumphrey

2. Name of the dog ?......................... a. Trisca b) Tricky

a. Trisca b) Tricky

Click to Flip

3. Meaning of the expression " I had to be relent."............................ a) I had to be hard b) I had to be soft

a) I had to be hard b) I had to be soft

Click to Flip

I had to be soft

4. "He had never been known to refuse food" Who was actually responsible for the dog's such condition?..... a. Mrs. Pumphrey b. Tricky himself

a. Mrs. Pumphrey b. Tricky himself

Click to Flip

Mrs. Pumphrey

5. 'to tackle a meal ' means?................. a. ) never to refuse the food b) always refuse the food

a. ) never to refuse food b) always refuse the food

Click to Flip

a) never to refuse food

TENSE CHAPTER 1(B) – VERB CASES PERSON

TENSE: CHAPTER 1(B) VERB PERSON CASES

Before proceeding ahead , we must understand the another basic important Key points without which the lesson of Tense is absolutely incomplete.

1. Verb

2. Person

3. Cases

I. VERB

As in the earlier chapter we studied about the placement of a verb

in a sentence, So it’s important to understand its forms also which are the root

reason to understand. Because

Basically there are three forms of the verb:

1. Present (Base Form

2. Past

3. Past Participle

But with view of understanding Tenses in a better way,

Grammarians have divided them in five parts:

4. Present Participle (V+ing)

5. Third person singular form of the verb- Verb +s/ es / ies

II. CASES

There are total 4 kinds of cases:-

Nominative subjective
Possessive
Objective
Reflexive

III. PERSON

A ‘ person ‘ also plays an important roll in the

formation of a sentence as it is the person in the form of subject – that decides the correct use of verb.

Total number of persons are three. Here is the list:-

Person and Cases

A Letter…

Test

QUIZ GRAMMAR BUDS

a. Edison was ____intelligent scientist.

Correct! Wrong!

b. Ravi gave me ___useful book.

Correct! Wrong!

c. He works in ___insurance company.

Show hint

TENSE: CHAPTER 1: ORIGIN AND MEANING OF THE WORD TENSE

TENSE : ORIGIN & MEANING OF THE WORD

Origin of the Word

Definition of Tense

Classification of Tense

Basic Roots of Tenses

Origin of the word Tense

The word ‘ TENSE’ was originally derived from Latin word TENDERE . The meaning of which was TIME . Then with the passage of the time , the form of the word had been changed and was called as TENSUS . Then again it was transformed as TENS when it was adopted by French Language. It also means Time Finally Middle English adopted the same and gave it a present form as TENSE-meaning as time.

Latin-Tendere -Tensus- Time

French- Tens- Time

Middle English- Tense- Time

Definition of Tense-

“Tense is that form of a verb which not only shows the time of

an action but also the state of any action.”

Classification of Tense-

Present Tense
Past Tense
Future Tense

Each Tense has 4 types-

Indefinite
Continuous
Perfect
Perfect Continuous

Root Process of Learning Tenses-

Structure
Form of the verb,
Person

For the proper formation of this structure , we need to understand its each component separately

Root Structure of a Tense-

Affirmative:- Subject+(to be)Verb + object/Complementary

Negative:- Subject + Auxiliary verb + Verb( if any) + Object

Interrogative:- Auxiliary verb + Subject+ Verb + Object/ Complementary

Three basic components of structure of the Tenses:-

SUBJECT

VERB

OBJECT

What is a subject ?

Subject is also called ( a Doer)

If we say in a simple language “Any person, place, thing, or feeling around whom/ which the whole sentence, revolves is called subject.”

“Any person, place, thing, or feeling which whom we are talking or indicating about in our sentence is called Subject.”

“Any person, place, thing, or feeling which whom we are talking about in our sentence is called Subject.”

Example-

Akash flies a kite
The kite is soaring in the sky

What is a Verb?

“A verb is not only the action but also a state occurrence or a mental condition that is shown or done by our subject.”

Example-

Akash flies a kite . ( Action)
The kite is flying in the sky. (state)

Kite can’t perform any action by itself. So the state of the kite has been shown here.

He became a doctor last year. ( occurrence )
You look happy today. / She seems upset today . ( Mental State )

What is an object?

An object is a word upon which either the action is performed by our subject or it gets affected by the subject of the sentence anyhow.

Example-

Akash flies a kite
Akriti seems very happy today.

HOW TO WRITE A CHARACTER SKETCH

SKETCH THE CHARACTER:

Key Features
Example ( Gautam Buddha )

KEY FEATURES

Before you Write

Prepare a rough draft.
Write Key Features of the Character
Then finally write in 2 to 3 paragraphs according to the given word limit

1. Kind of Character :-

Historical Character
Imaginative Protagonist
Positive
Negative

2. How to Start:-

Try to start with quote / famous saying relatable to the character.

Example:-

For the Character Sketch of Gautam Buddha:-

“ A great tree grows from two soft leaves to spread its shade after.”

Righly writes Edwin Arnold in his book ‘Light of Asia’

for Gutam Buddha an apostle whose sacrifices

can never be forgotten. Gautam Buddha was born……

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3. Name of Chapter and Writer

Try to mention the name of the author of the chapter from where the

character has been taken.

4. Leading / Secondary Character…..

You can also mention the character is the leading one or the secondary one

5. Basic traits of the character

Divide them in Positive and Negative

Positive,

Honest

Innocent

Kind hearted

Negative

jealous

depressed

revengeful

Note: Don’t write charcter in points /headings.

Write only in Paragraph

f. Connect your line with the dialogue

Example:

The Bus conductor was really an amusing personality. He would always cut jokes to make the passengers laugh and create the atmosphere light. When Vali insists not to call her a child, he begins to call

Her. “ Madam”, “ May we start now Madam?”

“Everyone move aside please… make way for madam.”

7. Why you like/dislike that character

8. What your leant from that charcter

SAMPLE

Character Sketch of Gutam Buddha

“A great tree grows from two soft leaves to spread its shade after.”

Righly writes Edwin Arnold in his book ‘Light of Asia’ for Gautam buddha an apostle whose sacrifices can never be forgotten. Gautam Buddha was born 563B.C. in a royal family of northern India but was less fortunate , He couldn’t

enjoy his prince hood more than twenty years.

very sensitive by nature, he renounced the world of luxury coming across human suffering, sickness, old age and death. His strong will power couldn’t shake him to leave his princely life and family which he loved a lot . He attained enlightenment after undergoing a long period of renunciation and hardships. He wandered for seven long years and finally sat down under a peepal tree in mediation and finally came to be known as the Buddha.

He was a selfless soul who shared even his wisdom and enightment to eliminate human sufferings.

He had a deep psychological insight. He handled Kisa Gotami’s grief not only by uttering words of wisdom, but by making her realise the reality of birth and death by letting her experience personally.

When he asked her for mustard seeds, he added , “ The musturard seed must be taken from a house where no one has lost a child husband, parent or friend.”

Thus the life of Gautam Buddha teaches us how to recognize – ‘self ’ & never hesitate to leave our weaknesses and worldly pleasures on the path of human services.

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KINDS OF AUXILIARY VERBS

Check How Much You Have Learnt

1. How many Kinds of Primary Verbs are there-

2. Main Verb is never affected by –

3. Do, Be, Have- are the parts of-

4. Root Verb is affected by –

5. ‘ being’ – are the part of –

6. Did is the part of –

7. Past of ‘ have ‘

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1. A Tiger in the Zoo

2. From the Diary of Anne Frank

3. The Hundred Dresses

4. Nelson Mandela - A Long Walk to Freedom

5. Fire & Ice

6. Black Aeroplan

7. Dust of Snow

8. His First Flight

9. The Ball Poem

10. A Letter to God

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1. Who speaks the first line?........................... (a) Mrs. Pumphrey (b) Doctor

2. Name of the dog ?......................... a. Trisca b) Tricky

3. Meaning of the expression " I had to be relent."............................ a) I had to be hard b) I had to be soft

4. "He had never been known to refuse food" Who was actually responsible for the dog's such condition?..... a. Mrs. Pumphrey b. Tricky himself

5. 'to tackle a meal ' means?................. a. ) never to refuse the food b) always refuse the food

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TENSE: CHAPTER 1(B) VERB PERSON CASES

Person and Cases

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a. Edison was ____intelligent scientist.

b. Ravi gave me ___useful book.

c. He works in ___insurance company.

d.______ Industrious man is praised by everyone.

e. ____ apple in ___day keeps the doctor away.

f. The train is running at eighty-kilometer ___hour.

g. Have you seen ____ white elephant?

h. _____ airplane made ___ loud noise.

i. This was ____ ultimate decision

j. Don’t make ____hurry.

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TENSE : ORIGIN & MEANING OF THE WORD

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KEY FEATURES

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SAMPLE

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e. __ apple in _day keeps the doctor away.

h. ___ airplane made _ loud noise.